1) to be hard, be severe, be fierce, be harsh
    1a) (Qal)
        1a1) to be hard, be difficult
        1a2) to be hard, be severe
    1b) (Niphal)
        1b1) to be ill-treated
        1b2) to be hard pressed
    1c) (Piel) to have severe labour (of women)
    1d) (Hiphil)
        1d1) to make difficult, make difficulty
        1d2) to make severe, make burdensome
        1d3) to make hard, make stiff, make stubborn
             1d3a) of obstinacy (fig)
        1d4) to show stubbornness